Which energy systems are primarily engaged during high-intensity tactical operations?

High-intensity tactical operations typically demand quick bursts of energy which are primarily supplied by the phosphagen system and the glycolytic system. The phosphagen system, which uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (CP) stored in the muscles, provides immediate energy for short-duration, high-intensity efforts lasting about 0 to 10 seconds.

As the duration of activity extends beyond this initial phase, the glycolytic system starts to kick in, utilizing carbohydrates for energy production through anaerobic glycolysis. This system supports activities lasting from approximately 10 seconds to around 2 minutes, making it crucial during high-intensity operations where sustained effort is required along with quick recovery between bouts of activity.

The aerobic system, while it plays a significant role in overall endurance and longer-duration activities, is not the primary source of energy during the high-intensity bursts of tactical operations. Similarly, while the glycolytic system does provide energy independently, it is the combination of both the phosphagen and glycolytic systems that supports the energy demands of high-intensity tactical operations effectively.